Influence of Celebrity Advertisements

Influence of Celebrity AdvertisementsIndia is one of the two-year-oldest countries in the cosmos with 60% of its world less than 24 years of geezerhood. Maximum progenysters be using TV as a lineage of information. The prove reflects that issue generation is highly modulated and convinced by credit advertisements. They feel laurels advertisements extend believability of TV advertisements. Physical appearance and record of distinction argon in like manner important factors to make TV advertisements to a greater extent hard-hitting and win over. The buying sort of untried generation is enchantd by celebrities acquaintance and experience. They opt female celebrities for TV advertisements. gibe to them renown should be young/ hand few with appealing figure and fames Status, class, and life style should match with the fruit which they atomic number 18 leaving to endorse. This reputation reflects few interesting impression that Indian youth and enceinte majority do non give any importance to the caste, regional and religious priming of eminence for TV advertisements.* Professor and Head, Accurate set up of Man eldment and Technology,Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, (Uttar Pradesh India)** Scientist, Center for Science Communication, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (Madhya Pradesh, India)*** Professor and Head, School of Social Science, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya,, Indore (Madhya Pradesh, India) aditIn Indian family life cycle, young members of family play a merry role in buying behavior. The term young reachs to persons who be no longer children and not yet great(p)s.India is one of the youngest countries in the world with 60% of its population less then 24 years of age and is charted as the near prospective destination for retail investment in the A. T. Kearneys international Retail Opportunity Report, 2007.The Indian young segment roughly estimates closing to 250 million ( amidst the ages of fifteen and twent y- atomic number 23) and shtup be broadly divided (socio-psychologically) into cardinal categories the Bharatiyas, the Indians the Inglodians (copyright Kaustav SG 2008).The Bharatiyas estimating 67% of the young population live in the rural areas with least influence of globalization and pick up high traditional values. They are least economically privileged, most family oriented Bollywood influenced generation. The Indians constitute 31.5% and need moderate global influence. They are well aware of the global trends but rooted to Indian family values, custom and ethos. The Inglodians are basically the creamy layers and marginal (1.5% or roughly three million) in outlet though they are strongly growing (70% addition rate). Inglodians are affluent and consume most of the trendy luxury items. They are internet savvy the trustrs of global-village (a place where at that place is no difference amongst east west, developing developed countries etc.), highly influenced by wes tern music, food, musical mode culture yet Indian at heart. gibe to The Financial enunciate Special, Tuesday, February 9, 2010 New Delhi young (age 13 to 35 years) population in India is 459 million in which literate young population is 333 million. More specifically age host (13 to 19) population is 36.7 million, age group (20 to 24) population is 22.1 million and age group (25 to 35) population is 44.3 million. Out of 333 million young populations, male young population is 186.5 and female young population is 146.2 million.However Television is most popular source of information with 78 % (91% urban, 70% rural) young viewer-ship. theme comes second with 53 % (65.3 % urban, 45.9 % rural) readership, though it scores over television when it comes to be the primary source for news current affairs. Data also sharpens that utmost youngsers are using TV as a source of information.The importance of publicizing has been widely accepted all over the world and has laboured recogn ition in the global market. In India the role of advertising is getting more than stress day by day and every businessman wants to invest willingly in advertising. The advertising business in India grew from Rs10 crores in 1955 to Rs 8000 crores in 2000* and in Nov 2005 it is estimated Rs.19900 crores and it is expected that it will reach Rs 55,800 crores by 2010 as estimated by Dainik Bhaskara.The fast growth of advertising industry in India is beca riding habit of the phenomenonal study of such media as television, radio, and computer and in addition to the extensive number of new crossroads introduced due to rapid industrialization new economic insurance and economic development of the country.Billions of dollars are spent on celebrity endorsements, which show its importance for the advertising industry. A recent estimate notes that one absorb of all commercials screened in the USA include celebrities. In UK one in five (20%) marketing communication campaign features cel ebrities. (Journal of Advertising Research)In India, 20% of advertisements is endorsement by celebrities. Dainik Bhaskar estimates the total expenditure on advertising as Rs 19900 crores (Nov 2005) while on celebrity endorsement Rs 950 crores. Theory and practice uprise that use of super star in advertising generates a sight of publicity and attention for public.( Ohanion 1991 )At present the business companies prefer the use of celebrities as spokespersons in order to position and promote the sale and vulgarization of products or brands. The use of celebrities has become a promoteable marketing strategy. Celebrities are people who enjoy public recognition by a large share of certain group of people, whereas attributes like attractiveness, extraordinary lifestyle or special status are just examples and specific common characteristics can not be observed. It can be said that within a corresponding special group, celebrities familiarly differ from their source name, and enjoy a h igh degree of public awareness.The main reason for using celebrities, as spokespersons is their high potential influence. The celebrities get higher degree of attention recall. They increase awareness of a company advertising, create positive feeling towards brands and areperceived by consumers as more entertaining (Soleman 2002). Using a celebrity in advertising is therefore likely to positively affect consumers brand carriage and purchase planion. It is estimated that approximately 20 percent of all advertisements use celebrity spokespersons payment to celebrities account for around 10 percent of all advertising dollars spent.Literature ReviewResearchers in the fields of marketing, communications and fond psychological science throw away tried to identify factors related to the endorser that are underlying to understanding and improving their effectiveness. The theoretical basis for assuming that an advertisements effectiveness increases congeneric to the trustiness, ex pertness, and attractiveness of the communicator stems from two research streams source credibility (comprising of source trustworthiness and source expertise) and source attractiveness (also referred to collectively as the source models). From their study in 1953 Hovland et al. established the source credibility model and defined expertise as the extent to which a communicator is perceived to be a source of valid assertions and trustworthiness as the degree of confidence in the communicators intent to communicate the assertions he considers most valid.Source Attractiveness does not refer to physical attractiveness per se it is related to three more general concepts similarity, familiarity, and liking. The model holds that the effectiveness of a message depends on the sources familiarity, likeability, similarity, and attractiveness to the respondent. Familiarity is considered association of the source through exposure, whereas likeability is affection for the source as a result of the sources physical appearance and behavior and similarity is the supposed resemblance between the source and the receiver of the message (McGuire, 1985). According to the source models, endorsers are effective when they are seen by consumers as trustworthy (Friedman Friedman, 1976 G. Miller Basehart, 1969), experts (Crano, 1970 Crisi Kassinove, 1973 Woodside Davenport, 1974), and attractive (Joseph, 1982 McGuire, 1985). Although there are a number of moderating influences (e.g. fit with product and reference low vs. high purchase decision prior attitudes), in general, the more trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness the endorser has, the more effective they are at ever-changing consumer attitude and opinion. (Brinol, Petty, Tormala, 2004 Gotlieb Sarel, 1991 Grewal, Gotlieb, Marmorstein, 1994 Harmon Coney, 1982 Hovland, Irving, Kelly, 1953 Hovland Weiss, 1951 Sternthal, Dholakia, Leavitt, 1978) Empirical evidence in support of source credibility is abundant. Sou rce credibility is credited with improved consumer confidence (Brinol et al., 2004), reversing negative predispositions (Sternthal et al., 1978), increase product purchase intentions (Harmon Coney, 1982), and altering consumers reactions to advertisements and brands (Goldsmith, Lafferty, Newell, 2000). Additionally, research has shown that highly credible sources rush more behavioral compliance than do less credible sources (Ohanian, 1990, p. 42)OBJECTIVES OF body of workTo psychoanalyse the influence of celebrity TV advertisements on young generation.To arrive out impact of buying behavior factors on young populationHYPOTHESIS1. H01 Young generation is not influenced by celebrity TV advertisements2. H02 There is no impact of buying behavior factors on young generation5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYSurvey was conducted in district Gautam Budh Nagar. The three hundred sample size was selected in such a way that twain the young and adult were represented proportionately. In most of th e situations many respondents had refused and some respondents had not cooperated to fill the questionnaires. Hence 450 respondents were selected by non-probability convenience sampling regularity to fill thequestionnaire. Only three hundred respondents have given appropriate and utter(a) information on sent questionnaire. Rests of the questionnaires were dropped because of incomplete information. A five-point interval Likert dental plate from strongly agree (5) to strongly not agree (1) was used to beak the response to each statement (items).Z Test used to sample mean difference between two samplesZ TestSE= Standard Error= Standard Deviation ( big(p))Standard Deviation (YOUNG)= retrieve of Adult= Mean of YOUNG= Number of Observations (Adult)= Number of Observations (YOUNG)Z= Z TestDATA ANALYSISData analysis shows that out of 300 respondents, there were 166 (55.33 %) young respondents and 134 (44.67 %) were adult respondents in this study age group of 12 year to21 years consi dered as Young respondents and term group of 22 year to 45 years considered as Adult respondents. ( set back-1)More specifically data analysis shows that in male respondents, young were118 (39.33%) and adult were 80 (26.67%). Similarly in female respondents, young were 48 (16 %) and adult 54 (18 %) (Table-1.1) fascinate OF CELEBRITIES ON RESPONDENTS (CONSUMERS) THROUGH T.V. ADVERTISEMENTS6.1. INFLUENCETo verse the influence of celebrity through T.V. advertisements on respondents, eight questions were asked from respondents. (Figure-1)According to Table No.2 results shows that twain young and adult respondents have similar opinion. They were in favor of the fact that Celebrity advertisements are more effective create more attention and trust than non celebrity advertisements.However young generation feels that celebrities have more expertise than non-celebrities for T.V. advertising. They feel more convinced by celebrity advertisements. According to them, use of celebrities increa ses advertisements credibility. Physical appearance and personality of celebrity are also important factors to makes T.V. advertising more effective and convincing.6.2. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS, WHICH INFLUENCE THE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF YOUNG GENERATIONTwenty-four specific attributes of celebrities (factors) have been analyzed under the major four factors expertise, trustworthiness, physical appearance and personality (Figure-2)6.2.1. EXPERTISESeven statements were asked to respondents to analyze specific expertise attributes of celebrities, which whitethorn influence the buying behavior of respondentsTable No. 3 shows that buying behavior of young generation influenced, if celebrities are experienced and users of product. However, adult respondents feel that celebrities should have knowledge of the products which they are going to endorse by TV advertisements.According to both type of respondents (adult and young) celebrities should be educated and skilled, qualified and Justified for th at product which they are going to promote. Result also reflects that technical knowledge round product/brand to celebrity is not required to convince purchase.6.2.2. trustinessSpecific attributes of trustworthiness of celebrities have been analyzed on the basis of five statementsAccording to table no.3.1 Young and adult both respondents purchase their products on the trust, honesty, truthfulness and dependability of celebrities. However adult respondents feel celebrities should be grave and Reliable also to influence their buying behavior.6.2.3. PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESSTo analyze specific attributes of physical attractiveness of celebrites five questions were asked from respondents to measure the infuluence on buying behaviour of respondents Table 3.2 results shows that young generation feels that celebrities should be young/adult and they should have appealing figure (sexy and beautiful) they prefer female celebrities for TV advertisement.However, both (young and adult) responde nts feel that celebrities should be smart (body constitution) to convince to purchaser. They also believe that articulation and motility of celebrity is also important factors that affect on their purchase decisions.6.2.4. PERSONALITYTo measure the impact of specific personality attributes of celebrities, seven questions were asked from respondents that may influence their buying behavior. According to findings of Table 3.3 young generation feels that Status, class, and lifestyle of celebrity should match with product/brand and advertisement for effective and convincing advertisement.However adults believe that social cultural background of celebrities influences their buying behavior. some(prenominal) young and adult respondents have similar thinking towards Image, Reputation and popularity (public figure) of celebrity which plays important role to influence buying behavior of respondents.Analysis also reflects few interesting results that Indian young and adult respondents do not believe in the caste, regional and religious background of celebrity resultantYoung generation is highly influenced and convinced by celebrity advertisements According to them, celebrity advertisements increase credibility of TV advertisements. Physical appearance and personality of celebrity are also important factors to make TV advertisements more effective and convincing.The buying behavior of young generation is influenced by celebrities knowledge and experience about such products which they are going to promote by TV advertisements. They prefer female celebrities for TV advertisements, according to them celebrity should be young/adult with appealing figure (sexy and beautiful) and celebritys Status, class, and lifestyle should match the product which they are going to endorse.Young and adult population commonly feels that celebrity advertisement is more effective creates more attention and trust than non celebrity advertisements. According to them celebrities must be educa ted, qualified justified with that product to which they are endorsing through TV advertisements. They dont feel that technical knowledge is required to celebrities to endorse the products. They feel motivated to purchase their products by the trust, honesty, truthfulness and dependability of celebrity. They believe that celebrities should be smart (body constitution) to convince purchaser, they also feel that Voice and gesture of celebrity are also important factors to have effect on their purchase decisions. They have similar thinking that Image, Reputation and popularity (public figure) of celebrity plays important role in influencing the buying behavior.However adult generation believes that social and cultural background of celebrity should match product and TV advertisement. They also feel that celebrities should be sincere and Reliable to influence their buying behavior.This study reflects few interesting results that Indian young and adult majority do not give any importanc e to the caste, regional and religious background of celebrity for TV advertisements.