Cohesion for Writing Projects Essay

Cohesion, or gluiness, is the intangible glue that holds divides together. Having good coherence in a writing project subject matter that your ideas stick together and flow smoothly from one fate to the next, so that lectors of your puzzle out fucking easily understand where you be taking them. Without gumminess, a written work whoremaster seem choppy and whitethorn not flow good a lack of coherence challenges the reader and can hurt comprehension, thereof rendering your attempt at communication ineffective at best.We forget look at ropiness within carve ups, but the basics below, along with organizational devices akin headings, suspensor to link sentences, paragraphs and sections coherently in longer, multiplex writing projects.Here are four main components of cohesionrelevancy sitelinking terminologyrepetition of key words1. RELEVANCEA simple way to build cohesion or flow amidst sentences is to look at the meaning of a sentence and compare it to the consign o f the next sentence. They should be relate yet not the same. If the deuce sentences are not c overlookly related, you will lose the readers attention, be pee-pee they will have to understand where you are going. If the two sentences are identical, you are not adding any overbold information to your work, and the reader will be annoyed. causa Too unlike relevance not clearAntigones motivation is family duty, even if it means death. She must rebel which will cause an uproar the consequences dont matter to her. This would also explain wherefore she rejects Ismenes support after in the tinker. They both have polar motivations Ismene has nothing left to lose and wants to go out with a glorious bang.In this paragraph, two sentences are far too separate. The first two sentences talk roughly Antigones motivations and how far they will drive her. The boil down is then redirected to Ismene, and the paragraph focus is not clear. It lacks cohesion.When a sentence relates the Ismene information back to Antigone, we have cohesion Antigones motivation is family duty, even if it means death. She wants to rebel which will cause an uproar the consequences dont matter to her. Incontrast, her sister, Ismene, has completely different motivations for her actions and wants glory, which explains why Antigone rejects her support later in the play. employment Too uniformAristophanes exaggerates Socrates learning in a humorous way. Aristophanes portrays Socrates intelligence as a tool of humor. He dupes Socrates use his intelligence to make a sarcasm of people. Aristophanes makes Socrates appear very brash in the use of his intelligence.The author conveys alone two points with these four sentences that Aristophanes uses Socrates intelligence as a joke, and that he did so by having Socrates mock people. Cutting away the unnecessary repetitions strengthens cohesionAristophanes exaggerates Socrates intelligence in a humorous way. The playwright makes Socrates use his i ntelligence to make a mockery of people, being very brash in the process.2. browseWriters should always ask themselves Is this sentence relevant to the idea of this paragraph? all(prenominal) paragraph should have a main idea (typically stated in a topic sentence). To maintain cohesion, all sentences within a paragraph should relate to this main idea. For example, if you are writing a paragraph on why nuclear power plants are an efficient, clean way of generating energy, it may seem out of place to then reflect on why a ducks quack does not echo and the resulting societal implications. More often thannot, these sentences are important to your paper, but need to be moved elsewhere in a separate paragraph or just relocated within the same paragraph so the sentences order is logical.Common ways to order sentencesChronological father and Effect illuminance (first sentence is broad, general statement, and the following sentences explain it with details)Compare/ContrastExample Chronolo gy is unclearThen there was an otherwise meeting with Satan, who said if business enterprises eubstance was tested Job would sin against God. The three friends Eliphaz of Teman, Zophar of Naamah, and Bildad the Shuah came to hear and console Job. The three saw then that Job was sick with illness and hissuffering was very great.Chronological order and time signals improve gumminessThere was another meeting with Satan, who said if Jobs body was tested Job would then sin against God. When Job was later stricken with disease and suffering greatly, his three friends, Eliphaz of Teman, Zophar of Naamah and Bildad the Shuah, tried to console him. Example Cause and effectThese sentences bug out with an action that is the result of an earlier event. Flow is not smooth because without links or logic, the reader has to do a secondary bit of mental rearranging The detective tried to amass more than try out by going to the store to ask Mr. McDougal what he knew about the murder. He d id this because when he had asked the Davidsons maid what she saw at the scene of the crime, she mentioned McDougal. ordination these sentences by cause and effect, i.e. chronologically, creates The detective talked to the Davidsons maid and asked her what she saw at the scene of the crime. She mentioned the local store owner, Mr. McDougal, so the detective then visited McDougal to gather more evidence.3. LINKING/TRANSITION WORDSTransition words can help a paragraph flow more smoothly.The following two sentences are far apart, in fact, opposites in content and unconnected in time. ExampleAs one can see, early in the history of the coupled States, to the highest degree pollution was created without debate to the environment. Different private groups have interpreted steps towards preserving nature, including conservationists and environmentalists.A transition word, however, announces the contrasting relationship for the reader, avoiding the stop and start rollercoaster effect and creating cohesion. Today moves the reader from early history.As one can see, early in the history of the join States, most pollution was created without regard to the environment. However, different private groups today have taken steps towards preservingnature, including conservationists and environmentalists.For cohesion within and between paragraphs The transition words and phrases below are an truncate list of transition terms found at http//www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm. Find more help at http//larae.net/write/transition.html Addition also, again, besides, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, as wholesome as Result thus, therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, otherwise, subsequently Generalizations typically, as usual, for the most part, generally, usually, in general Introducing Examples for example, for instance, as an illustration, as an example, in this case vehemence above all, chiefly, especially, particularly, significantly, most importa ntly, primarily Similarity comparatively, correspondingly, likewise, similar, together with, combined with censure aside from, barring, besides, except, excluding, exclusive of, other than, outside of Restatement in essence, in other words, namely, that is, in short, to put it differentlyContrast /Compare in contrast, conversely, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast, comparatively, likewise Order (time) at first, to pop out with, at the same time, now, the next step, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, before, prior, last, meanwhile abridgment in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, last4. REPETITION OF KEY WORDSRepeating key terms related to the main idea of the paragraph makes an invisible rope for readers to follow a few hand holds. However, do not repeat words for the interest group of repetition the reade r needs to occasionally be reminded of your focus, not beat over the head with unnecessary repetitions.Example The following paragraph focuses on the negative squeeze of the recession on restaurants. Follow the key words, variations of economy, restaurant, and powerless they tie sentences together as from each one negative effect is added to the paragraph many a(prenominal) problems in the economy are impacting the restaurant industry. The factor creditworthy for most of these negative impacts is the economic recession. Due to weak economic conditions, the U.S. regimen advantage industry revenues will only rise 2.5% in 2008, compared to the 4.6% amplify in 2007 the NationalRestaurant Association reports this to be among the poorest gross sales performances by the domestic restaurant industry in nearly four decades (Basham, 2008b). In response to the weak economic conditions, restaurants are increasing prices only copious to off tack higher costs, rather than to expand prof it margins (Basham, 2008b). Also, unemployment in the United States affects restaurants with rates reaching 5.3% in 2008 compared to 4.6% in 2007 (Basham, 2008b). The government has also do cost difficult for restaurants by increasing the federal minimum occupy to $7.25 in 2009 (Basham, 2008b).Finally, consumers are traveling less which is lowering restaurantsales travelers and visitors accounted for a median of 15% of sales at quick service restaurants. At this time, the weak economic conditions have had a major impact on the food service industry. Repetition of the blue key words links the negative impacts on revenues, prices, employment, labor costs and customer relations in the restaurant industry. eyeshade also the transition words and phrases out-of-pocket to, in response, also, finally. To avoid needless repetitionAs you read each sentence, you naturally expect the next sentence to relate directly to the preliminary(prenominal) sentence. And this sentence does relate b ecause I am still talking about your, the readers, expectation. But what happens if I dont follow-up on the preceding one? I would break your reader attention. In a cohesive paragraph, every sentence builds on the information in the previous sentence, so that you avoid creating a bumpy wooden roller-coaster ride for your reader.If the subjects of two sentences are the same, typically a pronoun can be used to contact to the subject.ExampleAs you Like It was a universal play that, when make up in in advance(p) times, still makes sense and can capture an audience. The play As you Like It uses modern costumes, props, and interactions with the audience to relate the story to our times.Note how the repetition of the full name of the play makes the beginning of the second sentence awkward. With a pronoun, it readsAs you Like It was a universal play that, when set in modern times, still makes sense and can capture an audience. It uses modern costumes, props, and interactions with the aud ience to relate the story to our times. Warning Be sure the reader will know what it, he, that, and other pronouns mean. See http//www.clarkson.edu/writingcenter/docs/vague_pronouns.pdf Finally5. REREAD & rescriptThe best way to improve cohesion is to thoroughly reread your paragraphs. Many times, writers quickly put down all of their thoughts in a menstruation ofconsciousness. While everything that they write makes sense at the time, it may seem like a garbled mess to a reader. Rereading your work (or having a friend, professor or tutor read it) allows you to add any missing links, select gaps in logic and create cohesion.Additional Resourceshttp//www.ecu.edu/first_year_studio/workshops/printable_ws/Organization_and_Cohesion.doc http//leo.stcloudstate.edu/style/cohesion.htmlhttp//papyr.com/hypertextbooks/comp1/coherent.htmhttp//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ option/561/04/http//leo.stcloudstate.edu/style/transitioncues.html